How do Solar Panels Work? A Beginner's Guide to Solar Energy Systems

If you're asking, “How do solar panels work?”, you’re far from alone. With more homes and businesses turning to renewable energy, solar panels are becoming a familiar sight, yet the actual science behind them can feel mysterious. But here’s the good news—it’s simpler than you might think!

Solar panels, whether solar thermal or photovoltaic, are a brilliant way to produce energy in form of hot water or electricity; understanding how they work is key if you’re a homeowner or business owner exploring energy-saving options. Essentially, solar panels are made up of photovoltaic thermal modules (Vacuum tubes or Copper pipes with fins) and/or (PV) cells—tiny, yet powerful components designed to capture the sun's energy and convert it into energy. But how does sunlight transform into usable power? Let’s simplify it.

How Does a Solar Panel Work? The Basics of Energy Generation

The energy  generation process from solar panels starts with either vacuum tubes (solar thermal) or photovoltaic (PV) cells (solar electric); 

1- Solar Thermal Energy Generation: Vacuum tube solar collectors resemble a greenhouse. When the sun hits the tube, temperature inside the tube rises and the captured sun’s energy is transferred to a copper pipe that heats the fluid (usually water or water/glycol mixture) circulating through the manifold of the solar panel. 

2- Solar Electrical Energy Generation: PV cells are crafted from semiconductor materials, most commonly silicon. Here's the fun part: when sunlight, made up of particles called photons, hits the cells, it excites electrons, knocking them loose from their atoms. This movement of electrons creates an electric current, which flows in one direction—producing direct current (DC) electricity. 

But homes and businesses don't run on DC electricity—they use alternating current (AC). This is where solar inverters come into play. Inverters convert the DC electricity produced by your solar panels into AC electricity, which powers your home, including your lights, fridge, and other appliances.

The State of Solar Work in Canada

Since 2017, national solar output has surged by over 55%, and it's continuing to grow. Most of this progress comes from regions like Ontario, which leads solar production, followed by Alberta and Saskatchewan. Although other renewable energy sources, like wind, currently produce more renewable energy in Canada than solar cells, it is poised to increase significantly in the years ahead, especially as we improve ways to store energy for use even when the sun isn’t shining.

Different Types of Solar Panels—What Works for You?

At Hydro Solar, we make it simple to cut energy costs while going green. Whether you're aiming to lower heating bills with our solar thermal panels, or you want the ultimate efficiency with hybrid PVT panels, we’ve got the right fit for your home. Each solution is designed to help you live smarter and more sustainably.

Solar Thermal Panels

Rather than converting sunlight to electricity, thermal solar panels focus on capturing the sun’s heat. These panels are excellent for heating water or air in your home. If reducing your heating costs is a priority, these could be a great option.

Hybrid PVT Panels

If you’re thinking about efficiency, hybrid PVT panels might be the best bet. These panels pull double duty—generating electricity and heating water at the same time. They’re an all-in-one solution for homes that need both.

The Long-Term Benefits of Solar Energy

Going solar offers more than just the chance to cut your energy bills. It's a long-term investment that pays off in numerous ways:

• Unlimited Energy: The sun is a renewable source of energy that won't run out. By harnessing its power, you're reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
• Lower Carbon Footprint: Solar energy is clean. It doesn’t produce harmful emissions like traditional power sources, so it’s a big win for the environment.
• Energy Independence: When you generate your own electricity, you depend less on the grid. That means you're more protected from rising energy prices and power outages.

Choosing the Right Solar System for Your Home or Business

Not sure where to start with solar energy? That’s where Hydro Solar comes in. We specialize in custom solar solutions designed to meet your specific energy needs. Whether you’re interested in generating electricity for your home or using solar to heat water, our team will work with you to design the perfect system.

Where Can You Install Solar Panels?

If you’re considering solar for your home, you’re probably wondering about Installing a solar panel on an inclined roof. There are a few important roof mounting considerations to keep in mind.

Roof Mounting Options: Tips for Ideal Placement

Avoid Roof Valleys: Snow and ice tend to accumulate in valleys. If panels are placed there, the corners can block natural sliding and melting, leading to potential damage or maintenance issues.

Stay Clear of Roof Peaks: Your solar panels should be mounted at least a foot below the roof’s ridge to reduce exposure to high winds, which are typically stronger near the peaks, especially from the north side.

Leave Space for Maintenance: It’s essential to allow at least 18 inches of clearance around your array for easy access during installation and future maintenance. This will make it much simpler for you or technicians to maneuver on the roof without risking damage to the panels or yourself.

Center the Array: Not only does centering the panels on the roof create a visually balanced look, but it also ensures more even energy production and better structural stability.

Connect to Structural Supports: Make sure the mounting system is attached to the rafters or purlins. These structural elements provide the necessary support and uplift restraint to keep your panels securely in place. Slight adjustments in the panel array’s position can ensure the mounting screws properly connect to these supports.

Ready to Get Started? Hydro Solar is Here to Help!

If you're ready to take the leap into renewable energy, Hydro Solar is here to support you from start to finish. Whether you're looking to cut energy costs, reduce your carbon footprint, or gain more energy independence, we have a solar solution that’s right for you.

For personalized designs that perfectly match your energy needs, don’t hesitate to use our design request form. It's a simple way to get started with tailored solar recommendations, whether you’re powering a home, heating water, or looking for commercial solar solutions.